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Abstinence (conscription)
The Abstinence ((ヘブライ語:הִסתַגְפוּת), Ashkenazi pronunciation: ''Histagfus'') tactic of draft evasion was a type of hunger strike (or other forms of self-harm, such as sleep deprivation, tending to cause tachycardia, or self-inflicted wound), employed by young men in the Russian Empire's Jewish Pale of Settlement (and in neighboring Austria-Hungary's Galician community), in order to be found unfit for military service by the Imperial authorities.
==Russian Empire==
The "Abstension" resistance by self-harm was most extreme in the Russian Empire under the Cantonist system implemented for Jews from 1827 - 1856, though self-harm actions continued afterward. An 1835 secret report by the chief of the Special Corps of Gendarmes in Vilnius expressed the government's difficulty in preventing self-mutilations.
The phenomenon was covered in the Russian Hebrew press, and ''Ha-Melitz'' warned against the practice as violating Jewish law as well as Russian law. The phenomenon of self-induced hernia received attention in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1891.
Just before World War I, the Jewish author and folklorist S. Ansky conducted an ethnographic survey of Russian Empire regions of Volhynia and Podolia, devoting a section of his large questionnaire to conscription-related cultural practices.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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